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The Engagement at Gommecourt (The Somme WWI)
The Engagement at Gommecourt, France which took place on July 1st, 1916 was one part of the larger Battle of the Somme which was fought near the Somme River in France approximately between July 1st and November 1st of 1916 and was one of the bloodiest battles in history. 〔Martin Middlebrook, ''The First Day on the Somme 1 July 1916'' (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1972), 148.〕 The specific engagement at Gommecourt was fought between British and German forces. The goal of the overall Allied offensive was to breakthrough German lines and thus force the Germans back to more vulnerable defensive position while the attack at Gommecourt itself was in fact by design a diversion and largely superfluous to the main effort. Due to this admission the attack’s strategic merit consequently has been debated significantly. 〔 Martin Middlebrook, ''The First Day on the Somme 1 July 1916'', 148.〕 Strategically speaking, the hope of the British planners was that the attack at Gommecourt would simultaneously serve to draw significant German reserves away from the main British efforts to South while also securing the offensives’ northern flank. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Plan”, Gommecourt, 1st July 1916, January 1, 2008, Accessed March 26, 2015, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/.〕 At the end of the day the engagement at Gommecourt resulted in a bloody stalemate with each armies’ positions remaining largely unchanged and a loss of nearly 10,000 casualties in total. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Aftermath”, Gommecourt, 1st July 1916, January 1, 2008, Accessed March 26, 2015, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/.〕 Overall, the engagement at Gommecourt importantly is representative of the bloody and strategically ineffective nature of trench style warfare which characterized much of the combat experienced during WWI.
==Combatants and Order of Battle==
The engagement at Gommecourt was fought between German forces defending their position at Gommecourt and the British forces attacking it. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Men”, Gommecourt, 1st July 1916, January 1, 2008, Accessed March 26, 2015, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/. 〕 The order of battle for each combatant was as follows. German forces were under the overall command General Fritz von Below’s 2nd Army with local elements consisting of the 52nd Infantry Division and 2nd Guard Reserve Division reinforced by several additional artillery units. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Men”, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/. 〕 British forces were under the command of General Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby’s Third Army and locally included the 46th North Midland Division, 56th First London Division, and significant other territorial elements of both artillery and infantry. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Men”, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/. 〕 Each force on its own numbered tens of thousands in total. 〔 Alan McDonald, “The Men”, http://www.gommecourt.co.uk/. 〕 Overall, the total number of British troops involved was quite significant for a diversionary attack and this large scope along with the size of German forces and extensive presence of artillery on both sides foreshadowed the heavy casualties that would result in turn.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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